Laser welding is a new type of welding method. Laser welding is mainly used for welding thin-walled materials and precision parts. It can realize spot welding, butt welding, lu welding, sealing welding, etc. Its characteristics are: high aspect ratio, small weld width, small heat-affected zone, small deformation, and fast welding speed. The weld is flat and beautiful, and no treatment is required or only a simple treatment process is required after welding. The weld quality is high, there is no pores, it can reduce and optimize the impurities of the parent material, the structure can be refined after welding, and the welding strength and toughness are at least equivalent to or even higher than the parent metal. It can be precisely controlled, the focused light spot is small, it can be positioned with high precision, and it is easy to realize automation. It can realize welding between certain dissimilar materials.
1. Laser self-melting welding
Laser welding uses the excellent directionality and high power density of the laser beam to work. The laser beam is focused in a very small area through the optical system, and a heat source area with highly concentrated energy is formed at the weld in a very short time, so that the welded material is melted and a firm weld and weld are formed. Laser welding: large depth ratio: high speed and high precision: small heat input and small deformation: non-contact welding: not affected by magnetic field and no need for vacuum
2. Laser wire welding
Laser wire welding refers to a method of pre-filling a specific welding material in the weld and then melting it with laser irradiation or filling the welding material while irradiating the laser to form a welded joint. Compared with non-wire welding, laser wire welding solves the problem of strict requirements on workpiece processing and assembly: it can achieve low power welding of thicker and larger parts: by adjusting the wire composition, the structure and performance of the weld area can be controlled
3. Laser flight welding
Remote laser welding refers to a laser welding method that uses a high-speed scanning galvanometer lens for long working distance processing. It has high positioning accuracy, short time, fast welding speed and high efficiency: it will not interfere with the fixture, and the optical lens is less polluted: it can customize any shape of weld to optimize the structural strength, etc. Generally, the weld has no gas protection and large spatter. It is mostly used in thin high-strength steel plates, galvanized steel plates and other products such as body panels.
4.Laser brazing
The laser beam emitted by the laser generator is focused on the surface of the welding wire to heat it, causing the welding wire to melt (the parent material is not melted, but wets the parent material, fills the joint gap, combines with the parent material, forms a weld and achieves a good connection)
5. Laser oscillating welding
The laser oscillation is controlled by swinging the internal reflective lens of the welding head to stir the molten pool, promote the overflow of gas from the molten pool, and refine the grains. At the same time, it can also reduce the sensitivity of laser welding to the gap between the incoming materials. It is especially suitable for welding aluminum alloys, copper and dissimilar materials.
6. Laser arc hybrid welding
Laser-arc hybrid welding combines two laser and arc heat sources with completely different physical properties and energy transmission mechanisms to form a new and efficient heat source. Features of hybrid welding: 1. Compared with light welding, the bridging ability is enhanced and the organization is improved. 2. Compared with arc welding, the deformation is small, the welding speed is high, and the depth is large. 3. It combines the strengths of each heat source and makes up for its own shortcomings, 1+1>2.
