Collimating lenses are collimating lenses used in C02 laser and infrared optical systems. Most of them are made of copper. Reflective collimators are used in beam delivery systems. The collimators maintain the collimation of the beam between the laser resonator and the focusing optical element. Reflective collimators generally use copper total reflection mirrors. , while the translucent collimator uses a zinc lens. Collimating lenses are for point light sources, and the so-called point light sources we see more in life: match heads, old-fashioned flashlight bulbs, and lasers coming out of energy optical fibers. For the industrial laser industry, collimating lenses basically refer to the laser light coming out of the energy transmission fiber.
The light coming out of the energy fiber is a point light source with a divergence angle (0). This parameter of the collimator can generally be found. If we place this point light source at the focus of the fiber collimator, we know : The light emitted from the generation point of a condensing lens (the collimation factor actually uses the concentrator in reverse) becomes parallel light after passing through the condensing pin. Then the light beam that comes out after passing through a collimating lens is straight. The longitude is 2F*ag(1/2*0). If the divergence angle is 10° and F=150mm, then the diameter of the beam coming out of the collimator is =2*150*tag5=26.24mm. This formula is of reference significance for the selection of galvanometers that use optical transmission.
After passing through the fiber collimating lens, the laser enters the focusing lens of the fiber cutting machine. According to theory, the focal length of the collimating lens - the focal length of the focusing lens - the energy density after focusing is relative to the previous density ratio. For example: the focal length of the collimating lens is 75mm. The focal length of the focusing mirror is 150mm, 75:150=12, which means that the area of the focused light spot after passing through the focusing mirror is twice as large as the area of the point light source just coming out of the energy fiber, and the energy density is 1/2 of the original.
Then let's talk about beam expanders. Beam expanders also have a collimating function, but beam expanders are for light beams (beams with a certain divergence angle). The light from the beam expanders of many lasers on the market is a beam of light, for example: C02 glass tube, C02 radio frequency tube, lamp-pumped G laser, laser with QBH fiber laser, end-pumped 355nm 532nm 1064nm laser Wait, the light from these lasers is all beams, and they are not strictly parallel light (when the beam quality M2 of a laser is 1, the light of this laser has no divergence angle, but this can only be an ideal state , it does not exist in real life. Generally, the M2 coefficient of lasers on the market can reach 12, which is already very good).
Next, we will talk about why the beam expander can play a collimating role. Everyone knows that the beam expander expands the beam. In professional terms, it expands the beam waist radius, and the beam waist semi-radius of the laser beam expander and The multiplication of the divergence angle is a fixed value. When the waist radius increases (i.e., the beam expands), the measured divergence angle decreases to achieve collimation). There is a conclusion that after passing through an N-fold beam expander, the divergence angle of the laser beam The divergence angle is one N/N of the original size. For example, after passing through a 4x beam expander, the divergence angle is reduced to 1/4 of the original size. This is why we try to use a larger beam expander (provided that The size of the beam after passing through the beam expander should not exceed the size of the galvanometer spot).
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